张忠潮 崔彩贤 李 玥:中国低碳农业生产管理的法律制度问题与对策∗(三)
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2) :20-21 ⑤ 马骥 蔡晓羽 农户降低氮肥施用量的意愿及其影响因素分析 [J] 中国农村经济 2007.9 ⑥ 张睿等: 中国农业机械化柴油消耗趋势分析与节能的战略措施 [J] 农业工程学报 2007 年第12 期 453 2012 年全国环境资源法学研讨会（年会）论文集 业生产带来一定的困难，增加人、财、物投入，或减少产量或收入等进行补贴。 3、明确政策法律的低碳目标，重视政策的引导作用，从政策科学的理论出发，政策具有规制性、引导性、调控性、象征性等功能，对应的政策也有象征性政策，我们应该充分利用象征性政策的功能，制定农民资格上岗制度。当然，农业低碳生产除涉及农民素质外，还有生产规模、化肥农药使用、农业机械化、农田灌溉等方面，因此，国家应改变目前的农业补贴政策，使农业补贴政策包含促进低碳农业发展的内容，完善促进低碳农业生产的政策体系。具体如:用引导农民规模经营、使用保护性耕作技术的优惠政策，规制化肥农药使用量的补贴政策，促进低碳农机使用的补贴政策，促进农民选择合理灌溉方式的补贴政策等，改变种粮补贴、农机补贴、化肥农药补贴的方式。 4、建立农业低碳生产管理服务机构，强化管理与服务，加强日常监督管理，实施全过程管理。不论是农业生产资料向具有较高生产技术的生产者集中，还是对生产者进行低碳生产的补贴，都以完善的机构和细致的日常监督管理为基础，特别是具体生产活动的管理，只有这样，才能使有关法律政策制度发挥应有的作用。 5、促进低碳耕作方式和技术的研究和应用管理。严格来说这是一个战略任务，我国在农业战略研究上的落后已经使我们有了足够的教训，我们的低碳工业技术战略和生物遗传资源保护利用研究战略使我们损失惨重。因此，我们应加强低碳耕作方式和技术的研究和应用，使我们在这个方面能够走在世界的前列。 Abstract: With the development of Chinese Low-carbon economy, the management of agricultural Low-carbon production has become the key determinant part of Low-carbon agriculture. After the analysis of the theories about carbon emission in the field of agriculture producing, the author hold the idea that there is a definite link between the agricultural carbon emissions and the quality of producer, the degree of the intensive-scale, the management of the utility of pesticides and fertilizers as well as the management of agricultural machinery and irrigation. The main problems of agricultural low-carbon in China are the insufficient quality of producer, the low degree of large-scaled land operation, the excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers, the cultivation by the mean of agricultural machines as well as the wasteful energy in irrigation. In order to promote the low-carbon agriculture in China, many immediate measurements should be taken. Firstly, the government is well-advised to strength then the professional education in and implement the qualified career system and technical guidance system gradually order to improve producers’ qualification. Moreover, the legal system of management related to the utility of pesticides, fertilizers and agricultural machinery should be improved. Simultaneously, system of low-carbon agricultural production subsidies should be established. In addition, the management agency of agricultural carbon emission should be established so as to reinforce the management of daily supervision. Finally, the research and application of low-carbon farming methods and technology should be advanced. Key words: agricultural production: low-carbon management: low-carbon system: low-carbon cultivation; Energy-saving irrigation 作者简介： 张忠潮，（1963.2），陕西蒲城人，西北农林科技大学教授，硕士生导师，主要从事环境管理法律政策制度研究。 崔彩贤，西北农林科技大学副教授。 李玥，西北农林科技大学环境法专业研究生。 454 |
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